Localization

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Contents

[edit] How to make Gentoo speak your language

[edit] Console

You need to edit two files, /etc/conf.d/keymaps and /etc/conf.d/consolefont.

KEYMAP configures your keyboard, CONSOLEFONT makes sure local chars are displayed correctly.

Language /etc/conf.d/keymaps /etc/conf.d/consolefont Notes
Belgian KEYMAP="be-latin1" CONSOLEFONT="lat9w-16"
Brazilian Portuguese KEYMAP="br-abnt2" CONSOLEFONT="lat9w-16"
Canadian French KEYMAP="cf" CONSOLEFONT="default8x16", or

CONSOLETRANSLATION="8859-1_to_uni"

Czech KEYMAP="cz" CONSOLEFONT="lat2-16"
Danish KEYMAP="dk-latin1" CONSOLEFONT="lat0-16"
Finnish KEYMAP="fi-latin1" CONSOLEFONT="lat0-16"
French KEYMAP="fr-latin9" CONSOLEFONT="lat0-16"
German KEYMAP="de-latin1" CONSOLEFONT="lat0-16", or CONSOLEFONT="lat9w-16" (please be aware of a possible problem with ncurses on certain systems).
Greek KEYMAP="-u gr" CONSOLEFONT="iso07u-16" CONSOLETRANSLATION="8859-7_to_uni" and DUMPKEYS_CHARSET="iso-8859-7". Configuration is for UTF-8
Hebrew KEYMAP="il", "il-heb", or "il-phonetic"

DUMPKEYS_CHARSET="iso-8859-8"

CONSOLEFONT="iso08.08"

CONSOLETRANSLATION="8859-8_to_uni"

Hungarian KEYMAP="hu101", or "hu" CONSOLEFONT="lat2-16"

CONSOLETRANSLATION="8859-2_to_uni"

Icelandic KEYMAP="is-latin1" CONSOLEFONT="cp850-8x16"

CONSOLETRANSLATION="8859-1_to_uni"

Italian KEYMAP="it" CONSOLEFONT="default8x16"

CONSOLETRANSLATION="8859-15_to_uni"

Norwegian KEYMAP="no-latin1"note CONSOLEFONT="lat9w-16"
Polish KEYMAP="pl", or

KEYMAP="pl2" (former uses left-alt to insert special chars)

CONSOLEFONT="lat2-16"

CONSOLETRANSLATION="8859-2_to_uni"

If you want to have polish characters in manpages edit /etc/man.conf, and replace "-Tascii" with "-Tlatin1"
Portuguese KEYMAP="pt-latin1" CONSOLEFONT="lat0-16"
Romanian KEYMAP="ro_win" CONSOLEFONT="lat2-16"
Slovak KEYMAP="sk-qwertz" CONSOLEFONT="lat2-16"
Slovenian KEYMAP="slovene" CONSOLEFONT="lat2-16"
Spanish Si tienes un teclado con distribución latinoamericana he encontrado que ésta combinación funciona muy bien: KEYMAP="la-latin1". Para español de Castilla: KEYMAP="es euro2" CONSOLEFONT="lat0-16"
Swedish KEYMAP="sv-latin1" CONSOLEFONT="lat9-16" Many sites recommend lat0-16 as the Swedish consolefont. lat0-16 can display å, ä, and ö but can't display Å, Ä and Ö. lat9-16 displays all six.
Turkish KEYMAP="trq" CONSOLEFONT="iso09.16"
United Kingdom/British KEYMAP="uk" CONSOLEFONT="default8x16"

[edit] Issues

[edit] Norwegian keymap error

The Norwegian key setup file 'no-latin1.map' has an error. The 'DEL'-key is in fact a 'Backspace'.

FIX: Unpack no-latin1.map.gz: 

 gunzip /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty/no-latin1.map.gz

Insert a '#' in front of the line 'plain keycode 111 = Delete # "Remove" originally, weird...': 

 nano -w /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty/no-latin1.map

Gzip the file: 

 gzip /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty/no-latin1.map

[edit] Tips

A handy trick to switch between multiple keymaps on the fly, is to create aliases in a shell configuration file (such as ~/.bashrc if you use Bash).

File: ~/.bashrc 
 alias hu='loadkeys /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty/hu101'
 alias en='loadkeys /usr/share/keymaps/i386/qwerty/us'

You can then simply switch between your layouts by entering hu or en at the command prompt.

[edit] KDE

In /etc/make.conf use LINGUAS to choose what translations of KDE you want installed, then emerge kde-i18n. 

 echo LINGUAS=\"nb nn sv da pl pt_BR de es it tr\" >>/etc/make.conf
 emerge kde-i18n

[edit] Turkish

Don't forget to select Konsole->Encoding->Turkish on KDE.

[edit] Hungarian 

 Konsole: Settings->Encoding->"iso 8859-2"

For text editors where applicable, this encoding is to be set as a file open/save encoding (kwrite: Settings->Configure Editor...->Open/Save->Encoding).

For the ' ő ', ' ű ' characters in some graphical apps (eg. kwrite) to appear properly, an appropriate font selection is adequate (eg. Courier). Other fonts may result in rectangles to appear.

Tip! A good keyboard layout switching tool is Kxkb: emerge kxkb
Note: A fully satisfactory solution though is a complete migration to a Unicode/UTF-8 system.

[edit] X

To get the keyboard map in X11, edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf (you shouldn't be using /etc/X11/XF86Config unless you're still with XFree[1]). Find: 

 Section "InputDevice"
   Identifier  "Keyboard0"

And add the relevant option from the table below to that section.

Language Lines to add
Belgian 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "be"
Brazilian 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "br-abnt2"
Canadian 
  # As of Xorg version 7.0.0.  This setup replaces the old ca_enhanced and ca(fr).
  #Option  "XkbLayout"     "ca"    # For English
  #Option  "XkbVariant"    "fr"    # For French.
  Option  "XkbVariant"    "multi" # For the multilang variant
  # If your é key is the one left the main shift bar, the following may help
  # ensure that it is entered in one key-stroke.
  #Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
Czech 
   Option "XkbLayout"     "cz"
  #Option "XkbLayout"     "cz_qwerty" # for QWERTY setting
Danish 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "dk"
French 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "fr"
German 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "de"
Greek 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "el"
Hebrew 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "he"
Hindi
(see also) 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "hi"
Hungarian 
  Option   "XkbLayout"    "hu"
Icelandic 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "is"
Italian 
  Option   "XkbLayout"    "it"
Japanese
(see also) 
  Option   "XkbLayout"    "jp"
Norwegian 
  Option   "XkbLayout"    "no"
Polish 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "pl"
Portuguese 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "pt"
Romanian 
   Option "XkbLayout"     "ro"
Slovak 
   Option "XkbLayout"     "sk"
Slovenian 
   Option "XkbLayout"     "si"
Spanish 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "es" -> para teclado en español
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "la" -> para teclado latinoamericano
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "latam" -> para teclado latinoamericano con Xorg > 6.8.2
                                     (ahora "la" se usa para el idoma Lao )
Swedish 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "se"
Warning: The "se" layout is know for it's bugs, "fi" layout gives you the same features without the bugs.
Swiss 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "ch"
  # Choose either of the two:
  Option  "XkbVariant"     "de" # German
  Option  "XkbVariant"     "fr" # French
Turkish 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "tr"
United Kingdom/British 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "gb"
US international 
  Option  "XkbLayout"     "us_intl"
Note: For me (brasilian, pt-br) the keyboard actually just worked fine with the Section "InputDevice" this way:
 Option      "XkbLayout" "br"
 Option      "XkbModel"  "abnt2"


It worked much better to me than 

 Option  "XkbLayout"     "br-abnt2"

did. With this option set Xorg did not recognized the "windows-key" (Mod4) of my keyboard and because of that I couldn't get my keyboard shortcuts on fluxbox.

[edit] Profiles

There are many nuances that depend on local standards so setting the locale to the appropriate value, you can access these easily. To see the current locale settings, run 

locale

A description of some of these can (as you already know from reading the locale man page) be found in Section 8.2 of the IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.

Most users will only want to set the LANG variable. The LC_* variables can be used to tune application behaviour. LC_ALL shouldn't be set except for testing purposes.

An example of a tuned setup would be: 

LANG=is_IS.utf8         # Icelandic default for everything
LC_MESSAGES=en_GB.utf8  # Messages are in British English
LC_PAPER=en_CA.utf8     # Canadian paper sizes are used.

Edit or create /etc/env.d/02locale and set the relevant variables there. After changing it, run 

env-update && source /etc/profile
Language Lines to add
Belgian 
 # To have the programs in english, but keeping the locale and font encoding belgian:
 LANG="fr_BE@euro"
 # or:
 # LANG="nl_BE@euro"
Brazilian 
 LANG="pt_BR"
Canadian French 
 LANG="fr_CA"
Catalan 
 LANG="ca_ES@euro"
Czech 
 LANG="cs_CZ"
Danish 
 LANG="da_DK"
German 
 LANG="de_DE@euro"
Greek 
 LANG="el_GR.UTF-8"
 LC_ALL="el_GR.UTF-8"
Hebrew 
 LANG="he_IL"
Hindi 
 LANG="hi"
Hungarian 
 LANG="hu_HU"
Icelandic 
 LANG="is_IS"
Italian 
 LANG="it_IT@euro"
French 
 LANG="fr_FR@euro"
Norwegian 
 # Bokmål:
 LANG="nb_NO;no_NO"
 # Nynorsk:
 LANG="nn_NO;no_NO"

Note: Most applications (including Gnome) don't seem to accept multiple languages (replacing it with C), so you might want to chop off the ";no_NO" part. This will make older applications (that doesn't know about nb and nn) use the C locale, though. Either way you lose. How nice.

Polish 
 LANG="pl_PL"
Portuguese 
 LANG="pt_PT@euro"
Romanian 
 LANG="ro_RO"
Slovak 
 LANG="sk_SK"
Slovenian 
 LANG="sl_SI"
Spanish 
 LANG="es_ES@euro"
Swedish 
 LANG="sv_SE"
Turkish 
 LANG="tr_TR"

This makes programs, if translated, speak your language (and display dates in the correct format, etc.).

[edit] Dictionary

Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Icelandic, Dutch , Portuguese and Hebrew spelling dictionaries are in Portage: 

 emerge aspell-no aspell-sv ispell-sv aspell-da ispell-da
 emerge aspell-is aspell-nl aspell-pl ispell-pl aspell-pt
 emerge ispell-pt aspell-de aspell-es aspell-he aspell-cs

You probably also want to install English (aspell-en), German (aspell-de) and French (aspell-fr). There isn't an aspell-tr package for Turkish, but there is dev-java/zemberek library for Turkish spellcheck.

[edit] OpenOffice.org

OpenOffice.org uses the LINGUAS variable to detect which Language you want to install. Set this in /etc/make.conf. The first one that is supported is used.

For a list of LINGUAS settings available for your version of Open Office.org, run 

emerge -pv openoffice

For information about which LINGUAS entry a language uses, see LocaleCatalog.pm for a large list of locales.

Additionally you can also install localized helpcontent. For this to work, download the correct helpcontent for your language from an OpenOffice.org-mirror (directory /contrib/helpcontent/ e.g. ) and put it in your /usr/portage/distfiles, the ebuild will use it automatically during the build.

To select which dictionary you are using: 

  emerge eselect-oodict
  eselect oodict show

[edit] XML config file

This file can be very useful for any program that configure locales.

File: /etc/locale.xml 
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
Jonas Melian <jonasmg@mail.berlios.de> 2005
-->
<!DOCTYPE locale[
	<!ELEMENT locale (country)+>
	<!ELEMENT country (name,time_zone+,language+,lang+,encoding,keymap+,xkeymap+)>
	<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
	<!ELEMENT time_zone (#PCDATA)>
	<!ELEMENT language (#PCDATA)>
	<!ELEMENT lang (#PCDATA)>
	<!ELEMENT encoding (#PCDATA)>
	<!ELEMENT keymap (#PCDATA)>
	<!ELEMENT xkeymap (#PCDATA)>
	
	<!ATTLIST country domain CDATA #REQUIRED>
	<!ATTLIST encoding type (latin1|latin2) "latin1">
]>

<locale>
	<country domain="BE">
		<name>Belgium</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Brussels</time_zone>
		<language>Dutch</language>
		<language>French</language>
		<language>German</language>
		<lang>nl_BE</lang>
		<lang>fr_BE</lang>
		<lang>de_BE</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>be-latin1</keymap>
		<xkeymap>be</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="BR">
		<name>Brazil</name>
		<time_zone>Brazil/</time_zone>
		<language>Brazilian</language>
		<lang>pt_BR</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>br-latin1-abnt2</keymap>
		<keymap>br-latin1-us</keymap>
		<xkeymap>br</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="CA">
		<name>Canada</name>
		<time_zone>Canada/</time_zone>
		<language>Canadian French</language>
		<lang>fr_CA</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>cf</keymap>
		<xkeymap>ca_enhanced</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="CZ">
		<name>Czech Republic</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Prague</time_zone>
		<language>Czech</language>
		<lang>cs_CZ</lang>
		<encoding type="latin2"/>
		<keymap>cz-lat2</keymap>
		<xkeymap>cz</xkeymap>
		<xkeymap>cz_qwerty</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="DE">
		<name>Germany</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Berlin</time_zone>
		<language>German</language>
		<lang>de_DE</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>de-latin1</keymap>
		<xkeymap>de</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="DK">
		<name>Denmark</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Copenhagen</time_zone>
		<language>Danish</language>
		<lang>da_DK</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>dk-latin1</keymap>
		<xkeymap>dk</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="ES">
		<name>Spain</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Madrid</time_zone>
		<time_zone>Atlantic/Canary</time_zone>
		<language>Spanish</language>
		<language>Catalan</language>
		<lang>es_ES</lang>
		<lang>ca_ES</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>es euro2</keymap>
		<xkeymap>es</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="FI">
		<name>Finland</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Helsinki</time_zone>
		<language>Finnish</language>
		<lang>fi_FI</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>fi-latin9</keymap>
		<xkeymap>fi</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="FR">
		<name>France</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Paris</time_zone>
		<language>French</language>
		<lang>fr_FR</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>fr-latin9</keymap>
		<xkeymap>fr</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="HU">
		<name>Hungary</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Budapest</time_zone>
		<language>Hungarian</language>
		<lang>hu_HU</lang>
		<encoding type="latin2"/>
		<keymap>hu</keymap>
		<xkeymap>hu</xkeymap>
		<xkeymap>hu_qwerty</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="IS">
		<name>Iceland</name>
		<time_zone>Iceland</time_zone>
		<language>Icelandic</language>
		<lang>is_IS</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>is-latin1</keymap>
		<xkeymap>is</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="IT">
		<name>Italy</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Rome</time_zone>
		<language>Italian</language>
		<lang>it_IT</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>it2</keymap>
		<xkeymap>it</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="MX">
		<name>Mexico</name>
		<time_zone>Mexico/</time_zone>
		<language>Spanish</language>
		<lang>es_MX</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>la-latin1</keymap>
		<xkeymap>la</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="NO">
		<name>Norway</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Oslo</time_zone>
		<language>Norwegian</language>
		<lang>no_NO</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>no-latin1</keymap>
		<xkeymap>no</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="PL">
		<name>Poland</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Warsaw</time_zone>
		<language>Polish</language>
		<lang>pl_PL</lang>
		<encoding type="latin2"/>
		<keymap>pl</keymap>
		<xkeymap>pl</xkeymap>
		<xkeymap>pl2</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="PT">
		<name>Portugal</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Lisbon</time_zone>
		<language>Portuguese</language>
		<lang>pt_PT</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>pt-latin9</keymap>
		<xkeymap>pt</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="RO">
		<name>Romania</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Bucharest</time_zone>
		<language>Romanian</language>
		<lang>ro_RO</lang>
		<encoding type="latin2"/>
		<keymap>ro-latin2</keymap>
		<xkeymap>ro</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="SE">
		<name>Sweden</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Stockholm</time_zone>
		<language>Swedish</language>
		<lang>sv_SE</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>sv-latin1</keymap>
		<xkeymap>se</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="SK">
		<name>Slovak Republic</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Bratislava</time_zone>
		<language>Slovak</language>
		<lang>sk_SK</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>sk-qwertz</keymap>
		<keymap>sk-qwerty</keymap>
		<xkeymap>sk</xkeymap>
		<xkeymap>sk_qwerty</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="TR">
		<name>Turkiye</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/Istanbul</time_zone>
		<language>Turkish</language>
		<lang>tr_TR</lang>
		<encoding type="latin5"/>
		<keymap>tr</keymap>
		<xkeymap>trq</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="UK">
		<name>United Kingdom</name>
		<time_zone>Europe/London</time_zone>
		<language>British English</language>
		<lang>en_GB</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>uk</keymap>
		<xkeymap>gb</xkeymap>
	</country>
	<country domain="US">
		<name>United States</name>
		<time_zone>America/</time_zone>
		<language>American English</language>
		<lang>en_US</lang>
		<encoding type="latin1"/>
		<keymap>us-acentos</keymap>
		<xkeymap>en_US</xkeymap>
	</country>

</locale>

[edit] External Links

How to Compose Accented Characters in X using Compose - This is useful if one wants to write in a locale other than that for which the keyboard was designed. (broken)

Retrieved from "http://gentoo-wiki.com/Localization"