HOWTO Create a DVD:Encode

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DVD Definition

Create DVD Video Index

Encode

Filesystem

Burn

edit

Contents

[edit] Encode from a misc video format

Warning: Some of this information is out of date (particularly the bit about transcode). If the information here isn't appropriate for you please look at this wonderful post in the Gentoo forums (and then please update the wiki).

Detecting the source format: Don't worry about it! Whether your source video is encoded with a divx, xvid, mov, mpg, avi or any other popular (and even some unpopular) codec, these tools will automatically detect the source as long as the correct plugins and codecs are installed and compiled correctly.

Below are basic instructions for converting video to Widescreen or Fullscreen for NTSC or PAL. If you find that you need more advanced instructions, see the appropriate link below each section (where applicable).

In order of apparent simplicity:

If you need a short video to test with, download this free matrix spoof. 

export VIDEO="MATRIX-XP_engl_L"

[edit] tovid

Tovid is a newish toolbox for DVD generation which contains a wrapper script performing most of the work for you. You will need to emerge tovid using 

emerge media-video/tovid

Afterwards, you may simply convert any video by executing 

# Use either -pal OR -ntsc
tovid (-pal|-ntsc) -dvd -in ${VIDEO} -out ${VIDEO}.mpg

[edit] ffmpeg

ffmpeg is great if you have a well formatted video. If you don't have any awkward aspect ratio or extraneous letterboxing it's very simple:

NTSC Widescreen 

ffmpeg \
   -i ${VIDEO}.avi \
   -pass [1/2] \
   -target ntsc-dvd \
   -aspect 16:9 \
   ${VIDEO}.mpg

NTSC Fullscreen 

ffmpeg \
   -i ${VIDEO}.avi \
   -pass [1/2] \
   -target ntsc-dvd \
   -aspect 4:3 \
   ${VIDEO}.mpg

PAL Widescreen 

ffmpeg \
   -i ${VIDEO}.avi \
   -pass [1/2] \
   -target pal-dvd \
   -aspect 16:9 \
   ${VIDEO}.mpg

PAL Fullscreen 

ffmpeg \
   -i ${VIDEO}.avi \
   -pass [1/2] \
   -target pal-dvd \
   -aspect 4:3 \
   ${VIDEO}.mpg

All the format options (bitrate, codecs, buffer sizes) are automatically set by the "-target" option but can be manually adjusted - be careful though: it will allow you to be stupid and choose an option which breaks the standard.

If ffmpeg complains like this: 

ffmpeg2pass-0.log: No such file or directory

with the option -pass 2 then remember to run the same command with -pass 1 and rerun it with -pass 2. This will then use the log file created by the first run.


[edit] MEncoder

NTSC Widescreen 

mencoder -of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd:vaspect=16/9:vframerate=30 -srate 48000 -ofps 30000/1001\
-ovc lavc -oac lavc -lavcopts \
   vcodec=mpeg2video:\
   vrc_buf_size=1835:\
   keyint=18:\
   vrc_maxrate=9800:\
   vbitrate=4900:\
   aspect=16/9:\
   acodec=ac3:abitrate=192 \
${VIDEO}.avi -o ${VIDEO}.mpeg2

NTSC Fullscreen 

mencoder -of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd:vaspect=4/3:vframerate=30 -srate 48000 -ofps 30000/1001\
-ovc lavc -oac lavc -lavcopts \
   vcodec=mpeg2video:\
   vrc_buf_size=1835:\
   keyint=18:\
   vrc_maxrate=9800:\
   vbitrate=4900:\
   aspect=4/3:\
   acodec=ac3:abitrate=192 \
${VIDEO}.avi -o ${VIDEO}.mpeg2

PAL Widescreen 

mencoder -of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd:vaspect=16/9:vframerate=25 -srate 48000 -ofps 25 \
-ovc lavc -oac lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:\
   vrc_buf_size=1835:\
   keyint=15:\
   vrc_maxrate=9800:\
   vbitrate=4900:\
   aspect=16/9:\
   acodec=ac3:abitrate=192 \
${VIDEO}.avi -o ${VIDEO}.mpeg2

PAL Fullscreen 

mencoder -of mpeg -mpegopts format=dvd:vaspect=4/3:vframerate=25 -srate 48000 -ofps 25 \
-ovc lavc -oac lavc -lavcopts vcodec=mpeg2video:\
   vrc_buf_size=1835:\
   keyint=15:\
   vrc_maxrate=9800:\
   vbitrate=4900:\
   aspect=4/3:\
   acodec=ac3:abitrate=192 \
${VIDEO}.avi -o ${VIDEO}.mpeg2

For more information, see HOWTO mencoder divx to dvd or HOWTO Mencoder Introduction Guide

[edit] transcode 

# Put these in /etc/make.conf or /etc/portage/package.use, only lzo and mjpeg are 'local'
# a52 avi divx4linux dv dvdread ffmpeg imagemagick jpeg lzo mjpeg
# mmx mp3 mpeg ogg quicktime sdl theora v4l vorbis xml2 xvid
echo "media-video/transcode fame" >> /etc/portage/package.use
echo "=media-video/transcode-1.0.0 ~x86" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords
echo "=media-video/transcode-1.0.0" >> /etc/portage/package.unmask
emerge transcode

NTSC
Widescreen
   transcode -i ${VIDEO}.avi\
      -y ffmpeg -F mpeg2video \
      -Z 720x480\
      --export_frc 4 -E 44100 -b 128\
      -o title_of_video-dvd
Fullscreen
   transcode -i ${VIDEO}.avi\
      -y ffmpeg -F mpeg2video\
      -Z 704x480\
      --export_frc 4 -E 44100 -b 128
      -o title_of_video-dvd
PAL
Widescreen
   transcode -i ${VIDEO}.avi\
      -y ffmpeg -F mpeg2video\
      -Z 720x576\ 
      --export_frc 3 -E 44100 -b 128\
      -o title_of_video-dvd
Fullscreen
   transcode -i ${VIDEO}.avi\
      -y ffmpeg -F mpeg2video\
      -Z 704x576\
      --export_frc 3\
      -E 44100 -b 128\
      -o title_of_video-dvd

The transcode operation should have created a title_of_video-dvd.m2v (mpeg-2 video) and a title_of_video-dvd.mpa (audio) file in the current directory. We will combine those as follows: 

tcmplex -o ${VIDEO}.vob\
   -i title_of_video-dvd.m2v\
   -p title_of_video-dvd.mpa\
   -m d

[edit] avidemux

Avidemux is a free video editor designed for simple cutting, filtering and encoding tasks. You can easily encode dvd with Avidemux by opening the video, selecting Auto->DVD from the menu, and saving the file. More information about this can be found in Avidemux's wiki.

[edit] kino

Kino is used to create movies from dv cameras. It allows one to do simple editing of movies (cut scenes, paste, trim). It has a pretty good interface for capturing the video (one can also use dvgrab if they prefer cli). It uses a qt4linux mov format for capturing by default.

If you already grabbed the movies using dvgrab or grabbed them in kino (but closed it without saving) you can use your favourite file manager to quickly drag and drop the movie files back into the storyboard editor. Once you have the storyboard filled with movie files that fit your likings, go to the export tab. There you can export the video to vcd, svcd, or dvd quality (among others).

For DVD in the export tab select DVD format. You may want to add the flag and value "-r 48000" to the mp2enc field if you are making a dvd for standalone DVD players. Without that option it encodes the audio at 44.1kHz and some players may have problems with this rate. Also enable outputting of the dvdauthor xml file. Then click start and begin encoding (a fast CPU would be nice here, my athlon xp 2800+ takes 1.5hrs to encode 25mins of raw 720x480 footage).

Now if you want to just make the dvd without menus, edit the dvdauthor xml file and make sure the "<dvdauthor>" tag has the dest="" modifier. Otherwise dvdauthor will have problems with the XML file. Basically you need to modify the line to be something like: 

  <dvdauthor dest="/home/user/rootOfMyDVD/">

Where the DVD structure (VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS) will be placed into the dest="" directory. Then you just run on the CLI: 

  dvdauthor -x dvdauthorXMLFile.xml

Then use k3b to burn the VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS directories into the root of a data DVD project.

For more advanced editing cinelerra is basically the only choice on Linux. It is quite powerful, but tends to have a steep learning curve and crashes often (save frequently!). You can import the same .mov that kino (dvgrab) captures into cinelerra (in fact it crashes with most other formats). Then you can use cinelerra to render your finished movie back to mov.

[edit] From multiple DVDs

You may want to combine several home DVDs, or live concerts that are available on the internet. Remember to only use material which is legal to copy.

[edit] vobcopy

If you want to rip from a DVD on your hard drive, then it must be an image. This counts out the DVD you just created with dvdauthor. If you want to rip from an image that is 'open' on the filesystem, you first have to make an image. 

$ mkisofs -dvd-video -o DVD.iso /path/to/dvd/
$ sudo mount -o loop DVD.iso /mnt/cdrom

Since vobcopy looks for the DVD device in /dev, you probably have to include the following to your /etc/fstab: 

/dev/loop0              /mnt/cdrom      iso9660         noauto          0 0

Then you can start ripping. Silly, isn't it? 

$ sudo vobcopy -i /mnt/cdrom/ -o COPY/ -m

Notice that you have to be root in order to do this.

[edit] cpvts

cpvts seems to work only with actual DVDs in drive. Mount the DVD, then extract: 

$ sudo mount /dev/dvd /mnt/cdrom
$ cpvts -d /dev/dvd -s 4096 COPY/

The -s option sets the wanted vob chunk size, here it is 4 GB.

[edit] chaplin

[edit] cpdvd

[edit] dvdbackup

[edit] Extracting subtitles

Try this little script:

File: dvdsubs2srt 

#!/bin/bash

MNTPOINT="/mnt/cdrom"

echo "mounting DVD, give root passwd"
sudo mount /dev/dvd $MNTPOINT

lsdvd
echo "Please type in the stream number"
read DVDSTREAM;

mplayer -dvd-device $MNTPOINT dvd://$DVDSTREAM -vo null -ao null -frames 0 -v 2>&1 | grep sid

# ask the user for sid...
# the correct number is 0x20 + sid

echo "Please type in the subtitle SID, type in hexadecimal and add 0x20. Example: for sid 0, type 0x20"
read SID;

tccat -i $MNTPOINT -T $DVDSTREAM -L | tcextract -x ps1 -t vob -a $SID > subs
subtitle2pgm -o subtitles -c 255,255,0,255 < subs
pgm2txt subtitles
ispell -d american subtitles*txt
srttool -s -w < subs.srtx > subtitles.srt

[edit] From a DVB source

Moved to HOWTO Master a DVD from DVB transport stream

[edit] See Also

Retrieved from "http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Create_a_DVD:Encode"
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